Second Year

- Electronics & Communication -

EC (4th Sem)

Unit-1

Frequency domain representation of signal: Fourier transform and its properties, condition of existence, Fourier transform of impulse, step,signum , cosine, sine, gate pulse, constant, properties of impulse function. Convolution theorem (time & frequency), correlation(auto & cross), energy & power spectral density.

Unit-2

Introduction: Overview of Communication system, Communication channels Need for modulation, Baseband and Pass band signals, Amplitude Modulation: Double side band with Carrier (DSB-C), Double side band without Carrier, Single Side Band Modulation, DSB-SC, DSB-C, SSB-SC,Generation of AM, DSB-SC, SSB-SC, VSB-SC & its detection,Vestigial Side Band (VSB).

Unit-3

Types of angle modulation, narrowband FM,wideband FM, its frequency spectrum, transmission BW, methods of generation (Direct & Indirect), detection of FM (discriminators: balanced, phase shift and PLL detector),pre emphasis and de-emphasis. FM transmitter & receiver: Block diagram ofFM transmitter& receiver, AGC, AVC, AFC,

Unit-4

AM transmitter& receiver: Tuned radio receiver &super heterodyne, limitation of TRF, IF frequency, image signal rejection, selectivity, sensitivity and fidelity ,Noise in AM, FM

Unit-5

Noise: Classification of noise, Sources of noise, Noise figure and Noise temperature, Noise bandwidth, Noise figure measurement, Noise in analog modulation, Figure of merit for various AM andFM, effect of noise on AM &FM receivers.

Unit-1

Definition of signal, Classification of Signal and representation: Continuous time and discrete time, even/odd, periodic/aperiodic, random/deterministic, energy/power, one/multidimensional, some standard signals, , Basic Operations on Signals for CT/DT signal, transformation of independent & dependent variables,

CT/DT, linear/non-linear, variant/non-variant, causal and non-causal system state/dynamic system, interconnection of systems. System properties: linearity: additivity and homogeneity, shift-invariance, causality, stability, realizability

Unit-2

Introduction, Impulse Response Representation for LTI Systems, Convolution, Properties of the Impulse Response Representation for LTI Systems, Difference Equation for LTI Systems, Block Diagram Representations(direct form-I, direct formII, Transpose, cascade and parallel). Impulse response of DT-LTI system and its properties.

Unit-3

Introduction, ROC of finite duration sequence, ROC of infinite duration sequence, Relation between Discrete time Fourier Transform and z-transform, properties of the ROC, Properties of z-transform, Inverse z-Transform, Analysis of discrete time LTI system using zTransform, Unilateral z-Transform.

Unit-4

Introduction, Properties and application of discrete time Fourier series, Representation of Aperiodic signals, Fourier transform and its properties, Convergence of discrete time Fourier transform, Fourier Transform for periodic signals, Applications of DTFT.

Unit-5

State-space analysis and multi-input, multi-output representation. The state-transition matrix and its role. The Sampling Theorem and its implications- Spectra of sampled signals. Reconstruction:

Unit-1

Terminology and classification of control system, examples of control system, mathematical modeling of mechanical and electrical systems, differential equations, transfer function, block diagram representation and reduction, signal flow graph techniques.

Open loop and closed loop systems, effect of feedback on control system and on external disturbances, linearization effect of feedback, regenerative feedback

Unit-2

Standard test signals, time response of 1st order system, time response of 2nd order system, steady-state errors and error constants, effects of additions of poles and zeros to open loop and closed loop system.

Concept of stability of linear systems, effects of location of poles on stability, necessary conditions for stability, Routh-Hurwitz stability criteria, relative stability analysis, Root Locus concept, guidelines for sketching Root-Locus.

Unit-3

Correlation between time and frequency response, Polar plots, Bode Plots, all-pass and minimum-phase systems, log-magnitude versus Phase-Plots, closed-loop frequency response.

Nyquist stability criterion, assessment of relative stability using Nyquist plot and Bode plot (phase margin, gain margin and stability).

Unit-4

Approaches to system design Design problem, types of compensation techniques, design of phase-lag, phase lead and phase lead-lag compensators in time and frequency domain, proportional, derivative, integral and Composite Controllers.

Unit-5

State space representation of systems, block diagram for state equation, transfer function decomposition, solution of state equation, transfer matrix, relationship between state equation and transfer function, controllability and observability.

Unit-1

Concept of feedback and their types, Amplifier with negative feedback and its advantages. Feedback Topologies.

Concept of Positive feedback, Classification of Oscillators, Barkhausen criterion, Types of oscillators: RC oscillator, RC Phase Shift, Wien Bridge Oscillators. LC Oscillator: Hartley, Colpitt’s, Clapp and Crystal oscillator.

Unit-2

Advantages and characteristic parameters of IC’s, basic building components, data sheets.

Unit-3

Differential amplifier and analysis, Configurations- Dual input balanced output differential amplifier, Dual input Unbalanced output differential amplifier, Single input balanced output differential amplifier, Single input Unbalanced output differential amplifier Introduction of op-amp, Block diagram, characteristics and equivalent circuits of an ideal opamp, Power supply configurations for OP-AMP.

Ideal and Practical, Input offset voltage, offset current, Input bias current, Output offset voltage, thermal drift, Effect of variation in power supply voltage, common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR), Slew rate and its Effect, PSRR and gain bandwidth product, frequency limitations and compensations, transient response, analysis of TL082 datasheet.

Unit-4

Inverting and non-inverting amplifier configurations, Summing amplifier, Integrators and differentiators, Instrumentation amplifier, Differential input and differential output amplifier, Voltage-series feedback amplifier, Voltage-shunt feedback amplifier, Log/ Antilog amplifier, Triangular/rectangular wave generator, phase-shift oscillators, Wein bridge oscillator, analog multiplier-MPY634, VCO, Comparator, Zero Crossing Detector. OP-AMP AS FILTERS: Characteristics of filters, Classification of filters, Magnitude and frequency response, Butterworth 1st and 2nd order Low pass, High pass and band pass filters, Chebyshev filter characteristics, Band reject filters, Notch filter; all pass filters, self-tuned filters, AGC,AVC using op-AMP.

Unit-5

IC-555 Timer concept, Block pin configuration of timer. Monostable, Bistable and AstableMultivibrator using timer 555-IC, Schmitt Trigger, Voltage limiters, Clipper and clampers circuits, Absolute value output circuit, Peak detector, Sample and hold Circuit, Precision rectifiers, Voltage-to-current converter, Current-to-voltage converter.

simple OP-AMP Voltage regulator, Fixed and Adjustable Voltage Regulators, Dual Power supply, Basic Switching Regulator and characteristics of standard regulator ICs such as linear regulator, Switching regulator andlow-drop out regulator. Study of LM317, TPS40200 and TPS7250

Unit-1

Introduction to energy systems and resources; Introduction to Energy, sustainability & the environment; Overview of energy systems, sources, transformations, efficiency, and storage; Fossil fuels (coal, oil, oil-bearing shale and sands, coal gasification) - past, present & future, Remedies & alternatives for fossil fuels - biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal and hydrogen; Sustainability and environmental trade-offs of different energy systems; possibilities for energy storage or regeneration (Ex. Pumped storage hydro power projects, superconductor-based energy storages, high efficiency batteries)

Unit-2

Concept of an ecosystem; Structure and function of an ecosystem; Producers, consumers and decomposers; Energy flow in the ecosystem; Ecological succession; Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids; Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem (a.)Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c) Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Unit-3

Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Bio-geographical classification of India; Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values; Biodiversity at global, National and local levels; India as a mega-diversity nation; Hot-sports of biodiversity; Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts; Endangered and endemic species of India; Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Unit-4

Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Nuclear hazards; Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes; Role of an individual in prevention of pollution; Pollution case studies; Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides

Unit-5

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development; Urban problems related to energy; Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management; Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies Wasteland reclamation; Consumerism and waste products; Environment Protection Act; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act; Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation; Public awareness.

EC (3rd Sem)

Unit-1

Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations – Bisection method, Newton-Raphson method and Regula-Falsi method. Finite differences, Relation between operators, Interpolation using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae. Interpolation with unequal intervals: Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s formulae.

Unit-2

Numerical Differentiation, Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 rules. Solution of Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations by Gauss’s Elimination, Gauss’s Jordan, Crout’s methods, Jacobi’s, GaussSeidal, and Relaxation method.

Unit-3

Ordinary differential equations: Taylor’s series, Euler and modified Euler’s methods. RungeKutta method of fourth order for solving first and second order equations. Milne’s and Adam’s predicator-corrector methods. Partial differential equations: Finite difference solution two dimensional Laplace equation and Poission equation, Implicit and explicit methods for one dimensional heat equation (Bender-Schmidt and Crank-Nicholson methods), Finite difference explicit method for wave equation

Unit-4

Laplace Transform, Properties of Laplace Transform, Laplace transform of periodic functions. Finding inverse Laplace transform by different methods, convolution theorem. Evaluation of integrals by Laplace transform, solving ODEs by Laplace Transform method, Fourier transforms.

Unit-5

Probability Mass function, Probability Density Function, Discrete Distribution: Binomial, Poisson’s, Continuous Distribution: Normal Distribution, Exponential Distribution.

Unit-1

Introduction, Characteristics of Instruments and measurement systems (Static &Dynamic) Error analysis: Sources, types and statistical analysis. Instrument Calibration: Comparison Method. DC and AC Ammeter, DC Voltmeter- Chopper type and solidstate, AC voltmeter using Rectifier. Average, RMS, Peak responding voltmeters, Multi-meter, Power meter, Bolometer and Calorimeter.

Unit-2

Different parts of CRO, Block diagram, Electrostatic focusing, Electrostatic deflection, Post deflection acceleration. Screen for CRTs, Graticules, Vertical and Horizontal deflection system, Time base circuit, Oscilloscope Probes, Applications of CRO, Special purpose CROs- Multi input, Dual trace, Dual beam, Sampling, Storage (Analog and Digital) Oscilloscope.

Maxwell’s bridge (Inductance and Inductance-Capacitance), Hay’s bridge, Schering bridge (High voltage and Relative permittivity), Wein bridge. Impedance measurement by Qmeter.

Unit-3

(Transducer): Classification of Transducers, Strain gauge, Displacement Transducer Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) and Rotary Variable Differential Transformer (RVDT), Temperature Transducer- Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), Thermistor, Thermocouple, Piezo-electric transducer, Optical Transducer- Photo emissive, Photo conductive, Photo voltaic, Photo-diode, Photo Transistor

Unit-4

Signal and Function Generators, Sweep Frequency Generator, Pulse and Square Wave Generator, Beat Frequency Oscillator, Digital display system and indicators, Classification of Displays, Display devices: Light Emitting diodes (LED) and Liquid Crystal Display(LCD).

Unit-5

Advantages of Digital Instrument over Analog Instrument, Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) - Variable resistive type, R-2R ladder Type, Binary ladder, Weighted converter using Op-amp and transistor, Practical DAC. Analog-todigital Conversion (ADC) - Ramp Technique, Dual Slope Integrating Type, Integrating Type (voltage to frequency), Successive Approximations. Digital voltmeters and multi-meters, Resolution and sensitivity of digital multi-meter.

Unit-1

Decimal, Binary, Octal and Hexadecimal systems, conversion from one base to another, Codes-BCD, Excess- 3, Gray Reflected ASCII, EBCDIC. Logic gates and binary operations- AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Exclusive–OR and Exclusive– NOR Implementations of Logic Functions using gates, NAND–NOR implementations – Multi level gate implementations- Multi output gate implementations. Boolean postulates and laws – De-Morgan’s Theorem - Principle of Duality, Boolean function, Canonical and standard forms,Minimization of Boolean functions, Minterm,Maxterm, Sum of Products (SOP), Product of Sums (POS),Karnaugh map Minimization, Don’t care conditions, Quine-McCluskey method of minimization

Unit-2

Half adder – Full Adder – Half subtractor - Full subtractor– Parallelbinary adder, parallel binary Subtractor – Fast Adder - Carry Look Ahead adder– Serial. Adder/Subtractor - BCD adder – Binary Multiplier – Binary Divider - Multiplexer/De-multiplexer – decoder - encoder – parity checker – parity generators – codeconverters - Magnitude Comparator.

Unit-3

Building blocks like S-R, JK and Master-Slave JK FF, Edge triggered FF, Finite state machines, Design of synchronous FSM, Algorithmic State Machines charts. Designing synchronous circuits like Pulse train generator, Pseudo Random Binary Sequence generator, Clock generation

Unit-4

Asynchronous Ripple or serial counter. Asynchronous Up/Down counter - Synchronous counters – Synchronous Up/Downcounters – Programmable counters – Design of Synchronous counters: state diagram-State table –State minimization –State assignment - Excitation table and maps-Circuit. Implementation - Modulo–n counter, Registers – shift registers - Universal shift registers. Shift register counters – Ring counter – Shift counters - Sequence generators.

Unit-5

TTL NAND gate, Specifications, Noise margin, Propagation delay, fan-in, fan-out, Tristate TTL, ECL, CMOS families and their interfacing, Memory elements, Conceptof Programmable logic devices like FPGA. Logic implementation using Programmable Devices.

Unit-1

Elemental & compound semiconductor materials , Bonding forces and Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon, Charge carrier in semiconductors , carrier concentration, Junction properties, Equilibrium condition, biased junction, Steady state condition, breakdown mechanism (Rectifying Diodes, Zener Diodes), Metal Semiconductor Junction.
Tunnel diodes, Varactor diodes, Schottky diode, Photo diodes, Photodetector, LED, solar cell.

Unit-2

Ideal and Practical diode, Clipper, Clamper.
Rectifiers-Half wave, Full wave, Bridge rectifier, filter circuits, Voltage regulation using shunt & series regulator circuits, Voltage regulation using IC.

Unit-3

Construction, basic operation, current components and equations,CB, CE and CC configuration, input and output characteristics, Early effect, Region of operations: active, cut-off and saturation region. BJT as an amplifier. Ebers-Moll model, Power dissipation in transistor (Pd, max rating), Photo transistor. Transistor biasing circuits and analysis: Introduction, various biasing methods: Fixed bias,Self bias, Voltage Divider bias, Collector to base bias, Load-line analysis: DC and AC analysis, Operating Point and Bias Stabilization and Thermal Runaway. Transistor as a switch.

Unit-4

Small Signal analysis: Small signal Amplifier,Amplifier Bandwidth, Hybrid model, analysis of transistor amplifier using h-parameter, Multistage Amplifier: Cascading amplifier, Boot-strapping Technique, Darlington amplifier and cas-code amplifier, Coupling methods in multistage amplifier, Low and high frequency response, Hybrid πmodel, Current Mirror circuits. Large Signal analysis and Power Amplifiers: Class A,Class B,Class AB, Class C, Class D, Transformer coupled and Push-Pull amplifier.

Unit-5

FET construction- JFET: Construction, n-channel and p-channel, transfer and drain characteristics, parameters, Equivalent model and voltage gain, analysis of FET in CG, CS and CD configuration. Enhancement and Depletion MOSFET drain and transfer Characteristics. Unijunction Transistor (UJT) and Thyristors: UJT: Principle of operation, characteristics, UJT relaxation oscillator.

Unit-1

Introduction to circuit theory: basic circuit element R,L,C and their characteristics in terms of linearity & time dependant nature, voltage & current sources, controlled & uncontrolled sources KCL and KVL analysis, Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors; Concept of phasor & vector, impedance & admittance, Nodal & mesh analysis, analysis of magnetically coupled circuits. Dot convention, coupling coefficient, tuned circuits, Series & parallel resonance

Unit-2

Network Graph theory: Concept of Network graph, Tree, Tree branch & link, Incidence matrix, cut set and tie set matrices, dual networks

Unit-3

Network Theorems: Thevenins & Norton’s, Super positions, Reciprocity, Compensation, Substitution, Maximum power transfer, and Millman’s theorem, Tellegen’s theorem, problems with dependent & independent sources.

Unit-4

Transient analysis: Transients in RL, RC&RLC Circuits, initial& final conditions, time constants. Steady state analysis.
Laplace transform: solution of Integro-differential equations, transform of waveform synthesized with step ramp, Gate and sinusoidal functions, Initial & final value theorem, Network Theorems in transform domain.

Unit-5

Two port parameters: Z, Y, ABCD, Hybrid parameters, their inverse & image parameters, relationship between parameters, Interconnection of two ports networks, Reciprocity and Symmetry in all parameter

- Computer Science -

CS (4th Sem)

Unit-1

Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations – Bisection method, Newton-Raphson method and Regula-Falsi method. Finite differences, Relation between operators, Interpolation using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae. Interpolation with unequal intervals: Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s formulae.

Unit-2

Numerical Differentiation, Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 rules. Solution of Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations by Gauss’s Elimination, Gauss’s Jordan, Crout’s methods, Jacobi’s, Gauss-Seidal, and Relaxation method.

Unit-3

Ordinary differential equations: Taylor’s series, Euler and modified Euler’s methods. RungeKutta method of fourth order for solving first and second order equations. Milne’s and Adam’s predicator-corrector methods. Partial differential equations: Finite difference solution two dimensional Laplace equation and Poission equation, Implicit and explicit methods for one dimensional heat equation (BenderSchmidt and Crank-Nicholson methods), Finite difference explicit method for wave equation.

Unit-4

Laplace Transform, Properties of Laplace Transform, Laplace transform of periodic functions. Finding inverse Laplace transform by different methods, convolution theorem. Evaluation of integrals by Laplace transform, solving ODEs by Laplace Transform method, Fourier transforms.

Unit-5

Probability Mass function, Probability Density Function, Discrete Distribution: Binomial, Poisson’s, Continuous Distribution: Normal Distribution, Exponential Distribution.

Unit-1

Algorithms, Designing algorithms, analyzing algorithms, asymptotic notations, heap and heap sort. Introduction to divide and conquer technique, analysis, design and comparison of various algorithms based on this technique, example binary search, merge sort, quick sort, strassen’s matrix multiplication.

Unit-2

Study of Greedy strategy, examples of greedy method like optimal merge patterns, Huffman coding, minimum spanning trees, knapsack problem, job sequencing with deadlines, single source shortest path algorithm

Unit-3

Concept of dynamic programming, problems based on this approach such as 0/1 knapsack, multistage graph, reliability design, Floyd-Warshall algorithm.

Unit-4

Backtracking concept and its examples like 8 queen’s problem, Hamiltonian cycle, Graph coloring problem etc. Introduction to branch & bound method, examples of branch and bound method like traveling salesman problem etc. Meaning of lower bound theory and its use in solving algebraic problem, introduction to parallel algorithms.

Unit-5

Binary search trees, height balanced trees, 2-3 trees, B-trees, basic search and traversal techniques for trees and graphs (In order, preorder, postorder, DFS, BFS), NP-completeness.

Unit-1

Software Product and Process Characteristics, Software Process Models: LinearSequential Model, Prototyping Model, RAD Model, Evolutionary Process Models likeIncremental Model, Spiral Model, Component Assembly Model, RUP and Agileprocesses. Software Process customization and improvement, CMM, Product andProcess Metrics

Unit-2

Functional and Non-functional requirements, Requirement Sources and Elicitation Techniques, Analysis Modeling for Function-oriented and Object-oriented software development, Use case Modeling, System and Software Requirement Specifications, Requirement Validation, Traceability

Unit-3

The Software Design Process, Design Concepts and Principles, Software Modeling andUML, Architectural Design, Architectural Views and Styles, User Interface Design, Functionoriented Design, SA/SD Component Based Design, Design Metrics.

Unit-4

Software Static and Dynamic analysis, Code inspections, Software Testing, Fundamentals, Software Test Process, Testing Levels, Test Criteria, Test Case Design, TestOracles, Test Techniques, Black-Box Testing, White-Box Unit Testing and Unit, Testing Frameworks, Integration Testing, System Testing and other Specialized, Testing, Test Plan, Test Metrics, Testing Tools. , Introduction to Object-oriented analysis, design and comparison with structured Software Engg.

Unit-5

Need and Types of Maintenance, Software Configuration Management (SCM), Software Change Management, Version Control, Change control and Reporting, Program Comprehension Techniques, Re-engineering, Reverse Engineering, Tool Support. Project Management Concepts, Feasilibility Analysis, Project and Process Planning, Resources Allocations, Software efforts, Schedule, and Cost estimations, Project Scheduling and Tracking, Risk Assessment and Mitigation, Software Quality Assurance(SQA). Project Plan, Project Metrics

Unit-1

Structure of Desktop Computers, CPU: General Register Organization-Memory Register, Instruction Register, Control Word, Stack Organization, Instruction Format, ALU, I/O System, bus,CPU and Memory Program Counter, Bus Structure, Register Transfer Language-Bus and Memory Transfer, addressing modes. Control Unit Organization: Basic Concept of Instruction, Instruction Types, Micro Instruction Formats, Fetch and Execution cycle, Hardwired control unit, Microprogrammed Control unit microprogram sequencer Control Memory, Sequencing and Execution of Micro Instruction.

Unit-2

Addition and Subtraction, Tools Compliment Representation, Signed Addition and Subtraction, Multiplication and division, Booths Algorithm, Division Operation, Floating Point Arithmetic Operation. design of Arithmetic unit.

Unit-3

:I/O Interface –PCI Bus, SCSI Bus, USB, Data Transfer: Serial, Parallel, Synchronous, Asynchronous Modes of Data Transfer, Direct Memory Access(DMA), I/O Processor.

Unit-4

Main memory-RAM, ROM, Secondary Memory –Magnetic Tape, Disk, Optical Storage, Cache Memory: Cache Structure and Design, Mapping Scheme, Replacement Algorithm, Improving Cache Performance, Virtual Memory, memory management hardware.

Unit-5

Characteristics of Multiprocessor, Structure of Multiprocessor-Interprocessor Arbitration, Inter-Processor Communication and Synchronization. Memory in Multiprocessor System, Concept of Pipelining, Vector Processing, Array Processing, RISC And CISC, Study of Multicore Processor –Intel, AMD.

Unit-1

Introduction to Operating Systems: Function, Evolution, Different Types, Desirable Characteristics and features of an O/S, Operating Systems Services: Types of Services, Different ways of providing these Services – Utility Programs, System Calls.

Unit-2

File Systems: File Concept, User’s and System Programmer’s view of File System, Disk Organization, Tape Organization, Different Modules of a File System, Disk Space Allocation Methods – Contiguous, Linked, Indexed. Directory Structures, File Protection, System Calls for File Management, Disk Scheduling Algorithms.

Unit-3

CPU Scheduling : Process Concept, Scheduling Concepts, Types of Schedulers, Process State Diagram, Scheduling Algorithms, Algorithms Evaluation, System calls for Process Management; Multiple Processor Scheduling; Concept of Threads.
Memory Management: Different Memory Management Techniques – Partitioning, Swapping, Segmentation, Paging, Paged Segmentation, Comparison of these techniques, Techniques for supporting the execution of large programs: Overlay, Dynamic Linking and Loading, Virtual Memory – Concept, Implementation by Demand Paging etc.

Unit-4

Input / Output : Principles and Programming, Input/Output Problems, Asynchronous Operations, Speed gap Format conversion, I/O Interfaces, Programme Controlled I/O, Interrupt Driven I/O, Concurrent I/O.
Concurrent Processes : Real and Virtual Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion, Synchronization, Inter- Process Communication, Critical Section Problem, Solution to Critical Section Problem : Semaphores – Binary and Counting Semaphores, WAIT & SIGNAL Operations and their implementation. Deadlocks: Deadlock Problems, Characterization, Prevention, Avoidance, Recovery.

Unit-5

Introduction to Network, Distributed and Multiprocessor Operating Systems. Case Studies: Unix/Linux, WINDOWS and other Contemporary Operating Systems.

CS (3rd Sem)

Unit-1

odule 1: Introduction to Energy Science: Introduction to energy systems and resources; Introduction to Energy, sustainability & the environment; Overview of energy systems, sources, transformations, efficiency, and storage; Fossil fuels (coal, oil, oil-bearing shale and sands, coal gasification) - past, present & future, Remedies & alternatives for fossil fuels - biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal and hydrogen; Sustainability and environmental trade-offs of different energy systems; possibilities for energy storage or regeneration (Ex. Pumped storage hydro power projects, superconductor-based energy storages, high efficiency batteries)

Unit-2

Concept of an ecosystem; Structure and function of an ecosystem; Producers, consumers and decomposers; Energy flow in the ecosystem; Ecological succession; Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids; Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem (a.)Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c) Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Unit-3

Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Biogeographical classification of India; Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values; Biodiversity at global, National and local levels; India as a mega-diversity nation; Hot-sports of biodiversity; Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts; Endangered and endemic species of India; Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Unit-4

Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Nuclear hazards; Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes; Role of an individual in prevention of pollution; Pollution case studies; Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

Unit-5

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development; Urban problems related to energy; Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management; Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies Wasteland reclamation; Consumerism and waste products; Environment Protection Act; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act; Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation; Public awareness.

Unit-1

Set Theory, Relation, Function, Theorem Proving Techniques : Set Theory: Definition of sets, countable and uncountable sets, Venn Diagrams, proofs of some general identities on sets Relation: Definition, types of relation, composition of relations, Pictorial representation of relation, Equivalence relation, Partial ordering relation, Job-Scheduling problem Function: Definition, type of functions, one to one, into and onto function, inverse function, composition of functions, recursively defined functions, pigeonhole principle. Theorem proving Techniques: Mathematical induction, Proof by contradiction.

Unit-2

Algebraic Structures: Definition, Properties, types: Semi Groups, Monoid, Groups, Abelian group, properties of groups, Subgroup, cyclic groups, Cosets, factor group, Permutation groups, Normal subgroup, Homomorphism and isomorphism of Groups, example and standard results, Rings and Fields: definition and standard results.

Unit-3

Propositional Logic: Proposition, First order logic, Basic logical operation, truth tables, tautologies, Contradictions, Algebra of Proposition, logical implications, logical equivalence, predicates, Normal Forms, Universal and existential quantifiers. Introduction to finite state machine Finite state machines as models of physical system equivalence machines, Finite state machines as language recognizers

Unit-4

Graph Theory: Introduction and basic terminology of graphs, Planer graphs, Multigraphs and weighted graphs, Isomorphic graphs, Paths, Cycles and connectivity, Shortest path in weighted graph, Introduction to Eulerian paths and circuits, Hamiltonian paths and circuits, Graph coloring, chromatic number, Isomorphism and Homomorphism of graphs.

Unit-5

Posets, Hasse Diagram and Lattices: Introduction, ordered set, Hasse diagram of partially, ordered set, isomorphic ordered set, well ordered set, properties of Lattices, bounded and complemented lattices. Combinatorics: Introduction, Permutation and combination, Binomial Theorem, Multimonial Coefficients Recurrence Relation and Generating Function: Introduction to Recurrence Relation and Recursive algorithms , Linear recurrence relations with constant coefficients, Homogeneous solutions, Particular solutions, Total solutions , Generating functions , Solution by method of generating functions.

Unit-1

Review of C programming language.Introduction to Data Structure: Concepts of Data and Information, Classification of Data structures, Abstract Data Types, Implementation aspects: Memory representation. Data structures operations and its cost estimation. Introduction to linear data structures- Arrays, Linked List: Representation of linked list in memory, different implementation of linked list. Circular linked list, doubly linked list, etc. Application of linked list: polynomial manipulation using linked list, etc.

Unit-2

Stacks: Stacks as ADT, Different implementation of stack, multiple stacks. Application of Stack: Conversion of infix to postfix notation using stack, evaluation of postfix expression, Recursion. Queues: Queues as ADT, Different implementation of queue, Circular queue, Concept of Dqueue and Priority Queue, Queue simulation, Application of queues.

Unit-3

Tree: Definitions - Height, depth, order, degree etc. Binary Search Tree - Operations, Traversal, Search. AVL Tree, Heap, Applications and comparison of various types of tree; Introduction to forest, multi-way Tree, B tree, B+ tree, B* tree and red-black tree.

Unit-4

Graphs: Introduction, Classification of graph: Directed and Undirected graphs, etc, Representation, Graph Traversal: Depth First Search (DFS), Breadth First Search (BFS), Graph algorithm: Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)- Kruskal, Prim’s algorithms. Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm; Comparison between different graph algorithms. Application of graphs.

Unit-5

Sorting: Introduction, Sort methods like: Bubble Sort, Quick sort. Selection sort, Heap sort, Insertion sort, Shell sort, Merge sort and Radix sort; comparison of various sorting techniques. Searching: Basic Search Techniques: Sequential search, Binary search, Comparison of search methods. Hashing & Indexing. Case Study: Application of various data structures in operating system, DBMS etc.

Unit-1

Review of number systems and number base conversions. Binary codes, Boolean algebra, Boolean functions, Logic gates. Simplification of Boolean functions, Karnaugh map methods, SOP-POS simplification, NAND-NOR implementation.

Unit-2

Combinational Logic: Half adder, Half subtractor, Full adder, Full subtractor, look- ahead carry generator,BCD adder, Series and parallel addition, Multiplexer – demultiplexer, encoder- decoder, arithmetic circuits, ALU

Unit-3

Sequential logic: flip flops, D,T, S-R, J-K Master- Slave, racing condition, Edge & Level triggered circuits, Shift registers, Asynchronous and synchronous counters, their types and state diagrams. Semiconductor memories, Introduction to digital ICs 2716, 2732 etc. & their address decoding. Modern trends in semiconductor memories such as DRAM, FLASH RAM etc. Designing with ROM and PLA.

Unit-4

Introduction to A/D & D/A convertors & their types, sample and hold circuits, Voltage to Frequency & Frequency to Voltage conversion. Multivibrators :Bistable, Monostable, Astable, Schmitt trigger, IC 555 & Its applications. TTL, PMOS, CMOS and NMOS logic. Interfacing between TTL to MOS.

Unit-5

: Introduction to Digital Communication: Nyquist sampling theorem, time division multiplexing, PCM, quantization error, introduction to BPSK & BFSK modulation schemes. Shannon’s theorem for channel capacity.

Unit-1

Introduction to Object Oriented Thinking & Object Oriented Programming: Comparison with Procedural Programming, features of Object oriented paradigm– Merits and demerits of OO methodology; Object model; Elements of OOPS, IO processing.

Unit-2

Encapsulation and Data Abstraction- Concept of Objects: State, Behavior & Identity of an object; Classes: identifying classes and candidates for Classes Attributes and Services, Access modifiers, Static members of a Class, Instances, Message passing, and Construction and destruction of Objects.

Unit-3

Relationships – Inheritance: purpose and its types, ‘is a’ relationship; Association, Aggregation. Concept of interfaces and Abstract classes.

Unit-4

Polymorphism: Introduction, Method Overriding & Overloading, static and run time Polymorphism.

Unit-5

Strings, Exceptional handling, Introduction of Multi-threading and Data collections. Case study like: ATM, Library management system.

-Information Technology -

IT (4th Sem)

Unit-1

Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations – Bisection method, Newton-Raphson method and Regula-Falsi method. Finite differences, Relation between operators, Interpolation using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae. Interpolation with unequal intervals: Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s formulae.

Unit-2

Numerical Differentiation, Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 rules. Solution of Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations by Gauss’s Elimination, Gauss’s Jordan, Crout’s methods, Jacobi’s, Gauss-Seidal, and Relaxation method.

Unit-3

Ordinary differential equations: Taylor’s series, Euler and modified Euler’s methods. RungeKutta method of fourth order for solving first and second order equations. Milne’s and Adam’s predicator-corrector methods. Partial differential equations: Finite difference solution two dimensional Laplace equation and Poission equation, Implicit and explicit methods for one dimensional heat equation (BenderSchmidt and Crank-Nicholson methods), Finite difference explicit method for wave equation.

Unit-4

Laplace Transform, Properties of Laplace Transform, Laplace transform of periodic functions. Finding inverse Laplace transform by different methods, convolution theorem. Evaluation of integrals by Laplace transform, solving ODEs by Laplace Transform method, Fourier transforms.

Unit-5

Probability Mass function, Probability Density Function, Discrete Distribution: Binomial, Poisson’s, Continuous Distribution: Normal Distribution, Exponential Distribution.

Unit-1

Computer architecture and organization, computer generations, von Neumann model, CPU organization, CPU organization, Register organization, Various CPU register, Register Transfer, Bus and Memory Transfers, Arithmetic, Logic and Shift micro-operations, Arithmetic logic shift unit.

Unit-2

The arithmetic and logic unit, Fixed-Point representation: integer representation, signmagnitude, 1’s and 2’s complement and range, Integer arithmetic: negation, addition and subtraction, multiplication, division, Floating-Point representation, Floating-Point arithmetic, Hardwired micro-programmed control unit, Control memory, Micro-program sequence.

Unit-3

Central Progressing Unit (CPU), Stack Organization, Memory Stack, Reverse Polish Notation. Instruction Formats, Zero, One, Two, Three- Address Instructions, RISC Instructions and CISC Characteristics, Addressing Modes, Modes of Transfer, Priority Interrupt, Daisy Chaining, DMA, Input-Output Processor (IOP).

Unit-4

Computer memory system, Memory hierarchy, main memory: RAM, ROM chip, auxiliary and associative memory, Cache memory: associative mapping, direct mapping, setassociative mapping, write policy, cache performance, Virtual memory: address space, memory space, address mapping, paging and segmentation, TLB, page fault, effective access time, replacement algorithm.

Unit-5

Parallel Processing, Pipelining General Consideration, Arithmetic Pipeline, and Instruction Pipeline, Vector Operations, Matrix Multiplication, and Memory Interleaving, Multiprocessors, Characteristics of Multiprocessors.

Unit-1

Algorithms, Designing algorithms, analyzing algorithms, asymptotic notations, heap and heap sort. Introduction to divide and conquer technique, analysis, design and comparison of various algorithms based on this technique, example binary search, merge sort, quick sort, strassen’s matrix multiplication.

Unit-2

Study of Greedy strategy, examples of greedy method like optimal merge patterns, Huffman coding, minimum spanning trees, knapsack problem, job sequencing with deadlines, single source shortest path algorithm, etc.

Unit-3

Concept of dynamic programming, problems based on this approach such as 0/1 knapsack, multistage graph, reliability design, Floyd-Warshall algorithm, etc.

Unit-4

Backtracking concept and its examples like 8 queen’s problem, Hamiltonian cycle, Graph coloring problem etc. Introduction to branch & bound method, examples of branch and bound method like traveling salesman problem etc. Meaning of lower bound theory and its use in solving algebraic problem, introduction to parallel algorithms.

Unit-5

Binary search trees, height balanced trees, 2-3 trees, B-trees, basic search and traversal techniques for trees and graphs (In order, preorder, postorder, DFS, BFS), NP-completeness.

Unit-1

Signals and Systems: Block diagram of a communication system, signal-definition, types of signals continuous, discrete, deterministic, non-deterministic, periodic, non-periodic, energy, power, analog and digital signals. Electromagnetic Spectra, Standard signals- DC, sinusoidal, unit step, ramp, signum, rectangular pulse, impulse(delta) signal. System definition, classification of systems, linear, nonlinear, time variant, time invariant, causal, non causal, stable and unstable systems. Fourier transforms: Time domain and frequency domain representation of signal, Fourier Transform and its properties, conditions for existence, Transform of Gate, unit step, constant, impulse, sine and cosine wave. Shifting property of delta function, convolution, time and frequency convolution theorems

Unit-2

Amplitude modulation: Modulation, need of modulation, types of modulation techniques, amplitude modulation (DSB-FC), modulation index, frequency spectrum of AM wave, linear and over modulation, power relation in AM, transmission efficiency, modulation by a complex signal, bandwidth of AM, AM modulators, square law and switching modulator, advantages and disadvantages of AM. Demodulation of AM: Suppressed carrier amplitude modulation systems, DSB-SC, SSB-SC, VSB-SC systems, comparison of various amplitude modulation systems. Demodulation of AM, square law and envelope detector, synchronous detection of AM, Low and high power AM transmitters, AM receivers, TRF and superheterodyne receivers, sensitivity, selectivity and fidelity of receivers.

Unit-3

Angle modulation: Introduction and types of angle modulation, frequency modulation, frequency deviation, modulation index, deviation ratio, bandwidth requirement of FM wave, types of FM. Phase modulation, difference between FM and PM, Direct and indirect method of FM generation, FM demodulators- slope detector, Foster seeley discriminator, ratio detector. Introduction to pulse modulation systems.

Unit-4

Sampling of signal, sampling theorem for low pass and Band pass signal, Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM), Time division, multiplexing (TDM). Channel Bandwidth for PAM-TDM signal Type of sampling instantaneous, Natural and flat top, Aperture effect, Introduction to pulse position and pulse duration modulations, Digital signal, Quantization, Quantization error, Pulse code modulation, signal to noise ratio, Companding, Data rate and Baud rate, Bit rate, multiplexed PCM signal, Differential PCM (DPCM), Delta Modulation (DM) and Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM), comparison of various systems.

Unit-5

Digital modulations techniques, Generation, detection, equation and Bandwidth of amplitude shift keying (ASK) Binary Phase Shift keying (BPSK), Differential phase shift keying (DPSK), offset and non offset quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-Ary PSK, Binary frequency Shift Keying (BFSK), M-Ary FSK Quadrature Amplitude modulation (QAM).

Unit-1

Basic Concepts: Introduction to DBMS, File system vs DBMS, Advantages of database systems, Database System architecture, Data models, Schemas and instances, Data independence, Functions of DBA and designer, Entities and attributes, Entity types, Key attributes, Relationships, Defining the E-R diagram of database.

Unit-2

Relational Model: Structure of relational databases, Domains, Relations, Relational algebra – fundamental operators and syntax, relational algebra queries, Entity-Relationship model :Basic concepts, Design process, constraints, Keys, Design issues, E-R diagrams, weak entity sets, extended E-R features –generalization, specialization and aggregation

Unit-3

SQL: Data definition in SQL, update statements and views in SQL: Data storage and definitions, Data retrieval queries and update statements, Query Processing & Query Optimization: Overview, measures of query cost, selection operation, sorting, join, evaluation of expressions, transformation of relational expressions, estimating statistics of expression results, evaluation plans. Case Study of ORACLE and DB2.

Unit-4

Relational Database design: Functional Dependency –definition, trivial and non-trivial FD, closure of FD set, closure of attributes, irreducible set of FD, Normalization –1NF, 2NF, 3NF, Decomposition using FD-dependency preservation, lossless join, BCNF, Multi-valued dependency, 4NF, Join dependency and 5NF.

Unit-5

Introduction of transaction, transaction processing and recovery, Concurrency control: Lock management, specialized locking techniques, concurrency control without locking, Protection and Security Introduction to: Distributed databases, Basic concepts of object oriented data base system.

Unit-1

Introduction to MATLAB/SciLab Installing MATLAB/SciLab Under windows/linux, Basics of MATLAB programming, Data Types, Creating variables, comments, multiline comments, Array operations in MATLAB/Scilab, Loops and execution control statements, inbuilt mathematical functions, Working with files: Scripts and Functions, Plotting and program output, overview of various toolboxes, introduction to Matlab simulink.

Unit-2

Introduction to Web Design Introduction, Elements, Tags, Attributes, Paragraph, Headings, Line Breaks, Horizontal Rule, Lists, Formatting, Color Codes, Font, Text Links, Email, Images, Image Link, Forms, Table, Frames, Comments, Music Codes, Video Codes, Div, DHTML: Cascading Style Sheet Introduction, Types of CSS, Selectors (Tags), Class and Id with the Selectors, CSS Background & Color, CSS Text, CSS Font, CSS Border, CSS Padding.

Unit-1

Introduction .NET framework, features of .Net framework, architecture and component of .Net, elements of .Net

Unit-2

Basic Features Of C# Fundamentals, Classes and Objects, Inheritance and Polymorphism, Operator Overloading, Structures. Advanced Features Of C# Interfaces, Arrays, Indexers and Collections; Strings and Regular Expressions, Handling Exceptions, Delegates and Events.

Unit-3

Installing ASP.NET framework, overview of the ASP .net framework, overview of CLR, class library, overview of ASP.net control, understanding HTML controls, study of standard controls, validations controls, rich controls. Windows Forms: All about windows form, MDI form, creating windows applications, adding controls to forms, handling Events, and using various Tolls.

Unit-4

Understanding and handling controls events, ADO.NET- Component object model, ODBC, OLEDB, and SQL connected mode, disconnected mode, dataset, data-reader Data base controls: Overview of data access data control, using grid view controls, using details view and frame view controls, ado .net data readers, SQL data source control, object data source control, site map data source.

Unit-5

XML: Introducing XML, Structure, and syntax of XML, document type definition (DTD), XML Schema, Document object model, Presenting and Handling XML. xml data source, using navigation controls, introduction of web parts, using java script, Web Services

IT (3rd Sem)

Unit-1

odule 1: Introduction to Energy Science: Introduction to energy systems and resources; Introduction to Energy, sustainability & the environment; Overview of energy systems, sources, transformations, efficiency, and storage; Fossil fuels (coal, oil, oil-bearing shale and sands, coal gasification) - past, present & future, Remedies & alternatives for fossil fuels - biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal and hydrogen; Sustainability and environmental trade-offs of different energy systems; possibilities for energy storage or regeneration (Ex. Pumped storage hydro power projects, superconductor-based energy storages, high efficiency batteries)

Unit-2

Concept of an ecosystem; Structure and function of an ecosystem; Producers, consumers and decomposers; Energy flow in the ecosystem; Ecological succession; Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids; Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem (a.)Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c) Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Unit-3

Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Biogeographical classification of India; Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values; Biodiversity at global, National and local levels; India as a mega-diversity nation; Hot-sports of biodiversity; Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts; Endangered and endemic species of India; Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Unit-4

Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Nuclear hazards; Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes; Role of an individual in prevention of pollution; Pollution case studies; Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

Unit-5

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development; Urban problems related to energy; Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management; Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies Wasteland reclamation; Consumerism and waste products; Environment Protection Act; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act; Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation; Public awareness.

Unit-1

Set Theory, Relation, Function, Theorem Proving Techniques : Set Theory: Definition of sets, countable and uncountable sets, Venn Diagrams, proofs of some general identities on sets Relation: Definition, types of relation, composition of relations, Pictorial representation of relation, Equivalence relation, Partial ordering relation, Job-Scheduling problem Function: Definition, type of functions, one to one, into and onto function, inverse function, composition of functions, recursively defined functions, pigeonhole principle. Theorem proving Techniques: Mathematical induction, Proof by contradiction.

Unit-2

Algebraic Structures: Definition, Properties, types: Semi Groups, Monoid, Groups, Abelian group, properties of groups, Subgroup, cyclic groups, Cosets, factor group, Permutation groups, Normal subgroup, Homomorphism and isomorphism of Groups, example and standard results, Rings and Fields: definition and standard results.

Unit-3

Propositional Logic: Proposition, First order logic, Basic logical operation, truth tables, tautologies, Contradictions, Algebra of Proposition, logical implications, logical equivalence, predicates, Normal Forms, Universal and existential quantifiers. Introduction to finite state machine Finite state machines as models of physical system equivalence machines, Finite state machines as language recognizers

Unit-4

Graph Theory: Introduction and basic terminology of graphs, Planer graphs, Multigraphs and weighted graphs, Isomorphic graphs, Paths, Cycles and connectivity, Shortest path in weighted graph, Introduction to Eulerian paths and circuits, Hamiltonian paths and circuits, Graph coloring, chromatic number, Isomorphism and Homomorphism of graphs.

Unit-5

Posets, Hasse Diagram and Lattices: Introduction, ordered set, Hasse diagram of partially, ordered set, isomorphic ordered set, well ordered set, properties of Lattices, bounded and complemented lattices. Combinatorics: Introduction, Permutation and combination, Binomial Theorem, Multimonial Coefficients Recurrence Relation and Generating Function: Introduction to Recurrence Relation and Recursive algorithms , Linear recurrence relations with constant coefficients, Homogeneous solutions, Particular solutions, Total solutions , Generating functions , Solution by method of generating functions.

Unit-1

Review of C programming language.Introduction to Data Structure: Concepts of Data and Information, Classification of Data structures, Abstract Data Types, Implementation aspects: Memory representation. Data structures operations and its cost estimation. Introduction to linear data structures- Arrays, Linked List: Representation of linked list in memory, different implementation of linked list. Circular linked list, doubly linked list, etc. Application of linked list: polynomial manipulation using linked list, etc.

Unit-2

Stacks: Stacks as ADT, Different implementation of stack, multiple stacks. Application of Stack: Conversion of infix to postfix notation using stack, evaluation of postfix expression, Recursion. Queues: Queues as ADT, Different implementation of queue, Circular queue, Concept of Dqueue and Priority Queue, Queue simulation, Application of queues.

Unit-3

Tree: Definitions - Height, depth, order, degree etc. Binary Search Tree - Operations, Traversal, Search. AVL Tree, Heap, Applications and comparison of various types of tree; Introduction to forest, multi-way Tree, B tree, B+ tree, B* tree and red-black tree.

Unit-4

Graphs: Introduction, Classification of graph: Directed and Undirected graphs, etc, Representation, Graph Traversal: Depth First Search (DFS), Breadth First Search (BFS), Graph algorithm: Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)- Kruskal, Prim’s algorithms. Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm; Comparison between different graph algorithms. Application of graphs.

Unit-5

Sorting: Introduction, Sort methods like: Bubble Sort, Quick sort. Selection sort, Heap sort, Insertion sort, Shell sort, Merge sort and Radix sort; comparison of various sorting techniques. Searching: Basic Search Techniques: Sequential search, Binary search, Comparison of search methods. Hashing & Indexing. Case Study: Application of various data structures in operating system, DBMS etc.

Unit-1

Object oriented programming, Introduction, Application, characteristics, difference between object oriented and procedure programming, Comparison of C and C++, Cout, Cin, Data Type, Type Conversion, Control Statement, Loops, Arrays and string arrays fundamentals, Function, Returning values from functions, Reference arguments, Overloaded function, Inline function, Default arguments, Returning by reference.

Unit-2

Implementation of class and object in C++, access modifiers, object as data type, constructor, destructor, Object as function arguments, default copy constructor, parameterized constructor, returning object from function, Structures and classes, Classes objects and memory, static class data, Arrays of object, Arrays as class Member Data, The standard C++ String class, Run time and Compile time polymorphism.

Unit-3

Overloading unary operators, Overloading binary operators, data conversion, pitfalls of operators overloading, Concept of inheritance, Derived class and base class, access modifiers, types of inheritance, Derived class constructors, member function, public and private inheritance.

Unit-4

Addresses and pointers, the address-of operator & pointer and arrays, Pointer and Function pointer, Memory management: New and Delete, pointers to objects, debugging pointers, Virtual Function, friend function, Static function, friend class, Assignment and copy initialization, this pointer, dynamic type information.

Unit-5

Streams classes, Stream Errors, Disk File I/O with streams, file pointers, error handling in file I/O with member function, overloading the extraction and insertion operators, memory as a stream object, command line arguments, printer output, Function templates, Class templates Exceptions, Containers, exception handling

Unit-1

Number systems and logic gates: Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal number systems and radix conversion. Codes- BCD, excess 3, gray, ASCII. Boolean algebra- Theorems and properties, Boolean functions, canonical and standard forms, De Morgans theorem, digital logic gates, Karnaugh maps.

Unit-2

- Combinational circuits: Introduction to combinational circuits, multilevel NAND, NOR implementation. Designing binary Adders and Subtractors. Decoder, Encoder, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer circuits.

Unit-3

Sequential circuits: Introduction to Sequential circuits, flip-flops, RS, D, T, JK, M/S JK-flipflops, truth tables, excitation tables and characteristic equations, clocked and edge triggered flipflops, Registers- Definition, serial, parallel, shift left/right registers, Johnson counter, asynchronous and synchronous counters.

Unit-4

- Digital logic families: Bipolar and unipolar logic families, Digital IC specifications, RTL, DTL, All types of TTL circuits, ECL, IIL, PMOS, NMOS & CMOS Logic.

Unit-5

Clocks and timing circuits: Bistable, Monostable & Astable multivibrator, Schmitt trigger circuit, Introduction of Analog to Digital & Digital to Analog converters, Display devices, 7 and 16 segment LED display, LCD.

- Mechanical Engineering -

ME (4th Sem)

Unit-1

Introduction to energy systems and resources; Introduction to Energy, sustainability & the environment; Overview of energy systems, sources, transformations, efficiency, and storage; Fossil fuels (coal, oil, oil-bearing shale and sands, coal gasification) - past, present & future, Remedies & alternatives for fossil fuels - biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal and hydrogen; Sustainability and environmental trade-offs of different energy systems; possibilities for energy storage or regeneration (Ex. Pumped storage hydro power projects, superconductor-based energy storages, high efficiency batteries).

Unit-2

Concept of an ecosystem; Structure and function of an ecosystem; Producers, consumers and decomposers; Energy flow in the ecosystem; Ecological succession; Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids; Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem (a.)Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c) Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Unit-3

Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Bio-geographical classification of India; Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values; Biodiversity at global, National and local levels; India as a mega-diversity nation; Hot-sports of biodiversity; Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts; Endangered and endemic species of India; Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Exsitu conservation of biodiversity.

Unit-4

Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Nuclear hazards; Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes; Role of an individual in prevention of pollution; Pollution case studies; Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

Unit-5

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development; Urban problems related to energy; Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management; Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies Wasteland reclamation; Consumerism and waste products; Environment Protection Act; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act; Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation; Public awareness.

Unit-1

Introduction to instrument systems, classifications, functional elements of a measurement system, standards and calibration, static performance characteristics, measurement errors and uncertainties, analysis, sequential and random test, specifications of instrument static characteristics, data acquisition, reduction, data outliner detection.

Unit-2

Dynamic characteristics of the instruments, formulation of system equations, dynamic response, compensation, periodic input, harmonic signal non harmonic signal, Fourier transform, response to the transient input, response to random signal input, first and second order system compensation.

Unit-3

(a) Temperature measurements, thermometry based on thermal expansion, liquid in glass, bimetallic, electric resistance- thermometry, thermocouples, thermistors, detectors, (b) pressure and velocity measurements, barometer, manometer, dead weight tester, pressure gauges and transducers, dynamic measurements, (c) flow measurements, pressure differential meters, orifice meter, venturi meter, rota-meter,

Unit-4

strain gauges, strain and stress measurements, electrical circuits, compensations, motion force and torque measurements, displacement measurements, potentiometers, linear and rotary variable differential transformers, velocity measurements, electromagnetic technique, stroboscope, load cell, measurement of torque on rotating shaft, power estimation from rotating shaft.

Unit-5

Control systems, open loop and close loop control, mathematical modeling of dynamic systems – mechanical systems, electrical systems, fluid systems, thermal systems, transfer function, impulse response function, block diagrams of close loop systems, system modeling using software.

Unit-1

Introduction, kinematics and kinetics, mechanisms and machines, degree of freedom, types of motions, kinematic concept of links, basic terminology and definitions, joints and kinematic chains, inversions, absolute and relative motions, displacement, velocity and acceleration diagrams, different mechanisms and applications.

Unit-2

kinematic synthesis of linkages, dynamic motion analysis of mechanisms and machines, D’Alembert’s principle, number synthesis, free body diagrams, kinematic and dynamic quantities and their relationships, analytical method and graphical method.

Unit-3

Cams, introduction, classifications of cams and followers, nomenclature, analysis of cam and follower motion, analytical cam design with specific contours, pressure angle, radius and undercutting, motion constrains and program, critical path motion, torque on cam shaft.

Unit-4

Power transmission, kinematics of belt- pulley, flat and v –belt, rope, condition of maximum power transmission, efficiency, friction, friction devices, pivot and collars, power screw, plate and cone clutch, brakes, classifications, bock, band, internal and external, friction circle, friction axis.

Unit-5

Gears, laws of gearing, classification and basic terminology, tooth profiles, kinematic considerations, types of gears, spur, bevel, worm, helical, hypoid etc, gear trains, epicyclic, compound,, balancing- static and dynamic, in same/ different planes, Introduction to vibration, single degree of freedom.

Unit-1

Introduction, fluid and the continuum, fluid properties, surface tension, bulk modulus and thermodynamic properties, Newton’s laws of viscosity and it’s coefficients, Newtonian and non Newtonian fluids, hydrostatics and buoyancy, meta center and metacentric height, stability of floating bodies.

Unit-2

Fluid kinematics, Langragian and Eularian mrthod, description of fluid flow, stream line, path line and streak line, types of flow and types of motion, local and connective acceleration, continuity equation, potential flow, circulation, velocity potential, stream function, laplace equation, flow nets.

Unit-3

Fluid dynamics, system and control volume, Reynold transport theorem, Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, momentum and moment of momentum equation, their applications, forces on immersed bodies, lift and drag, streamlined and bluff bodies, flow around circular cylinder and aerofoils.

Unit-4

Flow through pipes, Reynold number, laminar and turbulent flow, viscous flow through parallel plates and pipes, Navier Stoke’s equation, pressure gradient, head loss in turbulent flow ( Darcey’s equation), friction factor, minor losses, hydraulic and energy gradient, pipe networks.

Unit-5

Introduction to boundary layer theory, description of boundary layer, boundary layer parameters, Von Karman momentum equation, laminar and turbulent boundary conditions, boundary layer separation, compressible flow, Mach number, isentropic flow, stagnation properties, normal and oblique shocks, Fanno and Reyleigh lines, flow through nozzles,

Unit-1

Analysis of Machining processes, introduction, tool geometry, tool materials, wear characteristics, cutting forces, , cutting fluids, failure of cutting tools, broaching operation, types of broaching machines, design of broaching tools, centre less grinding, thread chaser, thread grinding boring, super finishing processes like honing, lapping, electro polishing and buffing.

Unit-2

Gear machining, types of gears, elements of gears, different methods of gear production, gear cutting on milling machine, gear machining by generation method, principles of generation of surfaces – hobbing, shaping and basic rack cutting, gear finishing by shaving and gear grinding, tooth profile grinding, suitable gear treatments.

Unit-3

Plastics, composition of plastic materials, moulding method- injection moulding, compression moulding, transfer moulding, extrusion moulding, calendaring, blow moulding, laminating and reinforcing, welding of plastics.

Unit-4

Unconventional machining processes, introduction, abrasive jet machining, ultrasonic machining, electrochemical machining, electro discharge machining, electron beam machining, laser beam machining, plasma arc machining, non destructive testing of machined surfaces and tools.

Unit-5

Extrusion, principles, hot and cold extrusion processes, tube extrusion, sawing, power hacksaw, band saw, circular saw, Introduction to numerical control machining, NC Machine tools, NC tooling ,part programming, functions, coordinate systems.

ME (3rd Sem)

Unit-1

Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations – Bisection method, Newton-Raphson method and Regula-Falsi method. Finite differences, Relation between operators, Interpolation using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae. Interpolation with unequal intervals: Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s formulae.

Unit-2

Numerical Differentiation, Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 rules. Solution of Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations by Gauss’s Elimination, Gauss’s Jordan, Crout’s methods, Jacobi’s, GaussSeidal, and Relaxation method.

Unit-3

Ordinary differential equations: Taylor’s series, Euler and modified Euler’s methods. RungeKutta method of fourth order for solving first and second order equations. Milne’s and Adam’s predicator-corrector methods. Partial differential equations: Finite difference solution two dimensional Laplace equation and Poission equation, Implicit and explicit methods for one dimensional heat equation (Bender-Schmidt and Crank-Nicholson methods), Finite difference explicit method for wave equation

Unit-4

Laplace Transform, Properties of Laplace Transform, Laplace transform of periodic functions. Finding inverse Laplace transform by different methods, convolution theorem. Evaluation of integrals by Laplace transform, solving ODEs by Laplace Transform method, Fourier transforms.

Unit-5

Probability Mass function, Probability Density Function, Discrete Distribution: Binomial, Poisson’s, Continuous Distribution: Normal Distribution, Exponential Distribution.

Unit-1

Basic concepts: Property, Equilibrium, State, Process, Cycle, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Heat and work transfer. First law of thermodynamics- first law applied to various systems steady flow process, limitations of first law of thermodynamics.
Second law of thermodynamics, heat engine, heat reservoir, Refrigerator, heat pump, Carnot's cycle, statements of second law Reversible and irreversible processes, consequence of second law, Clausious.
Inequality , Entropy, T-S diagrams, Available & Unavailable energy Availability Concept .

Unit-2

Pure Substance, Phase, Phase-transformations, formation of steam, properties of steam, PVT surface, HS,TS,PV,PH,TV diagram, processes of vapor measurement of dryness fraction, Use of steam tables and Mollier chart.

Unit-3

Carnot, Otto, Diesel, Dual cycles and their comparison, Brayton cycle, Non reactive gas mixture, PVT relationship, mixture of ideal gases, properties of mixture of ideal gases, internal energy, Enthalpy and specific heat of gas mixtures.

Unit-4

Actual & theoretical Combustion processes , Enthalpy of formation & enthalpy of reaction, first law analysis of reacting systems, Adiabatic flame temperature , Basic concept of Third Law of thermodynamics . Steam Tables Mollier Charts & tables connected to reactive systems are allowed in Examination hall.

Unit-1

. Solidification of metals , Crystallisation, Crystal and amorphous , different types of bonds in different metals, Crystallography. Stability and metastability of metals. Different mechanical properties of metals and other engineering materials like strength, hardness, elasticity, plasticity, Malleability, Ductility, Creep, Fatigue etc. Introduction to industrial metals, steels and prevailing manufacturing methods by manufacturers.

Unit-2

Cooling curves, Isomorphous, Utectic, Eutectoid , Eutectoid solid solution, Peritectic and other phase diagrams, Alloying , Characteristics of alloying elements, Iron – Carbon phase diagram, T-T-T diagrams, Types of Cast Iron. Types of Stainless Steels, Elastic, anelastic and Viscoelastic behaviour.

Unit-3

Heat treatment of metals, Based on phase diagram and T-T-T-Diagram the heat treatment of various metals, Bulk heat treatments, surface heat treatments,Case carburising, Types of Anealing, Normalising,Spherodising, Phase Transformations like Parlite, Cementite, Austenite, Troostite,Bainite,Hard and soft Martensite etc. Laser hardening, Cyniding, Boriding, Nitriding, Flame hardening, Ion implantation, Etc. Heat treatment cycles. Metallographic studies, Optical Microscope, Electron Microscope.

Unit-4

Destructive and non-destructive testing methods, Tensile test, Compression test, shear test, bend test, Different types of Hardness tests, Impact tests, Fatigue tests, Hardenability test. Fracture analysis, NDT Methods. Different properties of Steels, Aluminium and it’s alloys, Copper and it’s alloys, Manganese and it’s alloys, Chromium and it’s alloys, Nickel and it’s alloys.

Unit-5

Chemical Analysis of different alloying elements in commercial metals, C, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Mg, S, P, Co, Mo, Etc. Different chemical reagents, Equipments , Volumetric and Gravimetric analysis, Spot test, Colorimetric methods, Optical and spectrophotometric analysis.

Unit-1

Stresses in members of a structure, axial loading, normal stress, shear stress, analysis of simple structures, stepped rods, members in series and parallel: stress strain diagram, Hooke’s law, stress due to temperature, Poisson’s ratio, Bulk modulus, shear strain, relation among elastic constants, residual stress, fiber reinforced composite materials, strain energy under axial loads and stresses due to impact of falling weights. Transformation of stress and strain, principal stresses, normal and shear stress, Mohr’s circle and its application to two and three dimensional analysis.

Unit-2

Pure bending, symmetric member, deformation and stress, bending of composite sections, eccentric axial loading, shear force and BM diagram, relationship among load, shear and BM, shear stresses in beams, strain energy in bending, deflection of beams, equation of elastic curve, Macaulay’s method and Area moment method for deflection of beams.

Unit-3

Tensional stresses in a shafts, deformation in circular shaft, angle of twist, stepped and hollow transmission shafts.

Unit-4

maximum normal stress & shear stress theory; maximum normal and shear strain energy theory; maximum distortion energy theory; application of theories to different materials and loading conditions.

Unit-5

Stability of structures, Euler’s formula for columns with different end conditions, Rankine’s formula.

Unit-1

Types of casting process .Molding and Foundry core sands and their properties, gating, runners, risers, solidification, defects and elimination, molding machines, centrifugal casting, dye casting, shell molding; Lost wax molding; continuous casting; cupola description and operation.

Unit-2

Types of welding ,Gas welding method, flames, gas cutting, Electric arc welding, AC and DC welding machines and their characteristics, flux, electrodes, submerged arc welding, TIG & MIG welding; pressure welding; electric resistance welding spot, seam and butt welding; Thermit chemical welding; brazing and soldering, welding defects & remedies .safety precautions.

Unit-3

Types of patters, Pattern and pattern making, pattern allowances; pattern design considerations, core, core boxes.

Unit-4

types of forging operations Theory and application of forging processes description; , drop and horizontal forging machines.

Unit-5

Description and operation of processes, process of shearing, punching, piercing, blanking, trimming, perfecting, notching, lancing, embossing, coining, bending, forging and drawing; press, tool dies, auxiliary equipment, safety devices, stock feeders, scrap cutters, forces, pressure and power requirements.

Unit-6

Types of Rolling operations ,General description of machines and process; rolling of structural section plates and sheets; hot and cold rolling techniques.

Unit-7

Basics of Lathe machines , operations & components ,working principle of Shaper & planner ,Introduction to milling ,grinding and drilling machines.

- Electronics and Electrical -

EX (4th Sem)

Unit-1

Solution of polynomial and transcendental equations – Bisection method, Newton-Raphson method and Regula-Falsi method. Finite differences, Relation between operators, Interpolation using Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae. Interpolation with unequal intervals: Newton’s divided difference and Lagrange’s formulae.

Unit-2

Numerical Differentiation, Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule and Simpson’s 1/3rd and 3/8 rules. Solution of Simultaneous Linear Algebraic Equations by Gauss’s Elimination, Gauss’s Jordan, Crout’s methods, Jacobi’s, Gauss-Seidal, and Relaxation method.

Unit-3

Ordinary differential equations: Taylor’s series, Euler and modified Euler’s methods. RungeKutta method of fourth order for solving first and second order equations. Milne’s and Adam’s predicator-corrector methods. Partial differential equations: Finite difference solution two dimensional Laplace equation and Poission equation, Implicit and explicit methods for one dimensional heat equation (BenderSchmidt and Crank-Nicholson methods), Finite difference explicit method for wave equation.

Unit-4

Laplace Transform, Properties of Laplace Transform, Laplace transform of periodic functions. Finding inverse Laplace transform by different methods, convolution theorem. Evaluation of integrals by Laplace transform, solving ODEs by Laplace Transform method, Fourier transforms.

Unit-5

Probability Mass function, Probability Density Function, Discrete Distribution: Binomial, Poisson’s, Continuous Distribution: Normal Distribution, Exponential Distribution.

Unit-1

Working principle, e.mf. equation, construction, phasor diagrams, equivalent circuit, voltage regulation, losses, separation of hysteresis and eddy current losses, efficiency, tests: open circuit and short circuit, load, Sumpner’s test, Condition for maximum efficiency and regulation, Power and distribution transformer, allday efficiency, Excitation phenomenon. Autotransformer: working, advantages, its equivalent circuit and phasor diagram.

Unit-2

Three phase transformer: its construction, groups and connections, their working and applications; Scottconnection; Parallel operation of Transformers: application, advantages, requirement and load sharing; Tap changers, cooling, conservator and breather. Pulse and high frequency transformers.

Unit-3

Working principle, construction, comparison of slip ring and squirrel cage motors, steady state analysis, phasor diagram and equivalent circuit, power flow diagram, torque-speed and power-speed characteristics, Losses and efficiency, No load and block rotor test, circle diagram.

Unit-4

Starting of squirrel cage and slip ring motors, power factor control, Cogging & Crawling, Double cage &Deep bar Indication Motor, impact of unbalanced supply and harmonics on performance, speed control, braking, Induction Generator, Applications.

Unit-5

Single Phase Induction motor; double revolving field theory, equivalent circuit and its determination, performance calculation, starting methods and types of single phase Induction motors: their working principle and applications, comparison with three phases Induction Motor. Single phase A.C. series motor, Servo motors, Linear Induction Motor.

Unit-1

Digital number systems, base conversion, Binary, Decimal, octal, Hexadecimal, number system with radix r, Gray codes.Alphanumeric codes – ASCII code and BCD codes, concept of parity, complementr’s& (r-1)’s, subtraction with complements, signed Binary numbers, Error Detecting & Correcting codes. Basic Theorems & Properties of Boolean algebra: AND, OR, NOT operators, laws of Boolean algebra, Demorgon’s theorem, Boolean expression & logic diagram. Negative logic, Alternate logic gate representation (concept of bubbled gates) canonical and standard Forms (Minterms&Maxterms), sum of minterms& product of maxterms, conversion between canonical forms. Truth table & maps, 2,3,4,5 and 6 variable maps, solving digital problems using Maps, Don’t care conditions, Tabular minimization. Sum of product & product of sum reduction, Exclusive OR & Exclusive NOR circuits, Parity generator &checkers.

Unit-2

Design procedure, Adders (half and Full), subtractor (half and full) code convertors, Analysis of design, Universal building blocks, Implementation of any logic circuit with only NAND gates or with only NOR gates, Binary serial adder, parallel adder, serial/parallel adder, look ahead carry generator, BCD adder, Binary multiplier, Magnitude comparator, Decoder, Demultiplexer, Encoders, priority encoder, Multiplexers & implementation of combinational logic diagram.

Unit-3

Latches, SR latch with NAND & NOR gates, D latch, edge triggered flip flop, J-K flip flop, T flip flop, Master slave flip flop, Analysis of clocked sequential circuit, state table, state diagram, state reduction state equations, state assignments, flip flop excitation table & characteristic equations, Design procedure for sequential circuits, Design with state reduction, Applications of flipflop.

Unit-4

Asynchronous and Synchronous counter, counters with MOD numbers, Down counter, UP/DOWN counter, propagation delay in ripple counter, programmable counter, Pre- settable counter, BCD counter, cascading, counter applications, Decoding in counter, Decoding glitches, Ring Counter, Johnson counter, Rotate left & Rotate right counter, Registers – Buffer, Shift left, shift right, shift left/Right registers, parallel in parallel out, serial in serial out, parallel in serial out, serial in parallel out registers.

Unit-5

Random Access Memory, Timing waveform, Memory Decoding, Internal Construction, Coincident decoding, Addressmultiplexing, Read only memory – Combinational circuit implementation, Type of ROMs, combinational PLDs, Programmable Logic Array (PLA), Programmable Array Logic (PAL), sequential programmable device. Analog todigital conversion – Ramp type, dual slope, integration, successive approximation, parallel conversion, parallel/ serial conversion, convertor specifications, Digital to Analog convertors – Binary weighted & R/2R D to A convertors.

Unit-1

An overview of Electrical Energy Generation General background, structure and components of power network. Power generation – Introduction to conventional, non-conventional & distributed generation, Effect of transmission voltage on power system economy. Selection of size of feeder. Comparison of isolated versus interconnected power system. Problems associated with modern large interconnected power system. Power Plant Economics - Load curves, base load, peak load, load factor, demand factor, diversity factor, capacity factor, utilization factor, cost of electricity, capital cost, fuel and operation cost.

Unit-2

Inductance resistance and capacitance of transmission line, Calculation of inductance for 1-Φ and 3- Φ, Single and double circuit line, Concept of GMR and GMD, Symmetrical & asymmetrical conduction configuration, Calculation of capacitance for 2 wire and 3 wire systems, Effect of ground or capacitance, Capacitance calculation for symmetrical and asymmetrical 1-phase and three phase, Single and double circuit line, Charging current, Transposition of line, Composite conductor, Skin and proximity effect, bundle conductor. Underground Cable Comparison of cables and overhead transmission lines, Classification of cables, requirement of cable construction, capacitance of single and multi-core cable, economic core diameter, dielectric stress in cable, Grading of cables, ionization of Heating of cables, Phenomena of dielectric losses and sheath loss in cables, Thermal resistance of cables

Unit-3

Various systems of transmission, effect of system voltage, comparison of conductor materials required for various overhead systems. Short, Medium & long transmission line and their representation, Nominal T, Nominal Л, Equivalent T and equivalent Л, network models, ABCD constants for symmetrical &asymmetrical network, Mathematical solution to estimate regulation & efficiency of all types of lines. Surge Impedance, loading, Interpretation of long line equation and its equivalent equation. Tuned power lines. Power flow through transmission line, Circle diagram, Method of voltage control, Static & rotating VAR generator, transformer control.

Unit-4

Insulator & Mechanical design, types of conductors used in overhead transmission line, Types of line supports and towers, Distribution of conductors over transmission towers, Spacing between conductors, Length of span and sag tension calculation for transmission line, Wind & ice loading, support of line at two different levels, string chart, Sag template, Stringing of conductor, Vibration and Vibration dampers. Insulator Materials used for transmission line insulations, Types of insulator for overhead transmission line failure of insulator, Voltage distribution of suspension insulator, String efficiency, Shielding and grading.

Unit-5

AC single phase, 3 phase, 3wire & 4 wire distribution, Kelvin’s law for most economical size of conductor Substation layout showing substation equipment, bus bar single bus bar and sectionalized bus bar, main and transfer for bus bar system, sectionalized double bus bar system, ring mains.

Unit-1

Modeling of dynamic systems: Electrical, Mechanical and hydraulic systems, Concept of transfer function, Laplace Transform, State space description of dynamic systems: Open and closed loop systems, Signal flow graph, Mason’s formula, Components of control systems: Error detectors (Synchros& Potentiometer), Servomotors (AC & DC), tacho-generators, power amplifier, steeper motors

Unit-2

Time – domain analysis of closed loop systems: Test signals, time response of first and second order systems, Time domain performance specifications, Steady state error & error constants Feedback control actions: Proportional, derivative and integral control.

Unit-3

Stability: Routh-Hurwitz stability analysis Characteristics equation of closed loop system root loci, construction of loci, Effect of adding, poles and Zeros on the loci, Stability by root loci.

Unit-4

Frequency, Domain analysis, Bode plots, Effect of adding, poles and Zeros, Polar plot, Nyquist stability analysis, Relative stability: Gain and phase margins.

Unit-5

Design of control systems with PD/PI/PID Control in time domain and Frequency domain, leadlag, Lag-lead compensation, Design of compensating networks. Solution of state equation: Eigen values & eigenvectors digitalization state transitive matrix.

EX (3rd Sem)

Unit-1

odule 1: Introduction to Energy Science: Introduction to energy systems and resources; Introduction to Energy, sustainability & the environment; Overview of energy systems, sources, transformations, efficiency, and storage; Fossil fuels (coal, oil, oil-bearing shale and sands, coal gasification) - past, present & future, Remedies & alternatives for fossil fuels - biomass, wind, solar, nuclear, wave, tidal and hydrogen; Sustainability and environmental trade-offs of different energy systems; possibilities for energy storage or regeneration (Ex. Pumped storage hydro power projects, superconductor-based energy storages, high efficiency batteries)

Unit-2

Concept of an ecosystem; Structure and function of an ecosystem; Producers, consumers and decomposers; Energy flow in the ecosystem; Ecological succession; Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids; Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem (a.)Forest ecosystem (b) Grassland ecosystem (c) Desert ecosystem (d) Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Unit-3

Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity; Biogeographical classification of India; Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values; Biodiversity at global, National and local levels; India as a mega-diversity nation; Hot-sports of biodiversity; Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts; Endangered and endemic species of India; Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Unit-4

Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Marine pollution, Noise pollution, Thermal pollution, Nuclear hazards; Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes; Role of an individual in prevention of pollution; Pollution case studies; Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

Unit-5

From Unsustainable to Sustainable development; Urban problems related to energy; Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management; Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies Wasteland reclamation; Consumerism and waste products; Environment Protection Act; Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act; Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act; Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation; Public awareness.

Unit-1

Continuous time signals (CT signals), Discrete time signals (DT signals) - Step, ramp, pulse, impulse, sinusoidal and exponential signals, basic operations on signals, classifications of CT and DT signals- Periodic and aperiodic signals, energy and power signals, random signals, CT systems and DT systems, basic properties of systems, basic properties of systems, linear time invariant systems and properties.

Unit-2

Time and frequency domain analysis, Fourier series analysis, spectrum of CT signals, Fourier transform and Laplace transform, region of convergence, wavelet transform.

Unit-3

Differential equations representation, block diagram representation, state variable representation and matrix representation of systems, impulse response, step response, frequency response, relizability of systems, analog filters.

Unit-4

Convolution sum and properties, sampling of CT signals and aliasing, DTFT and properties, Z transform and properties, inverse Z transform.

Unit-5

Difference equations, block diagram representation, impulse response, analysis of DT LTI systems using DTFT and Z transform, state variable equations and matrix representation of systems, Digital filters.

Unit-1

Review of C programming language.Introduction to Data Structure: Concepts of Data and Information, Classification of Data structures, Abstract Data Types, Implementation aspects: Memory representation. Data structures operations and its cost estimation. Introduction to linear data structures- Arrays, Linked List: Representation of linked list in memory, different implementation of linked list. Circular linked list, doubly linked list, etc. Application of linked list: polynomial manipulation using linked list, etc.

Unit-2

Stacks: Stacks as ADT, Different implementation of stack, multiple stacks. Application of Stack: Conversion of infix to postfix notation using stack, evaluation of postfix expression, Recursion. Queues: Queues as ADT, Different implementation of queue, Circular queue, Concept of Dqueue and Priority Queue, Queue simulation, Application of queues.

Unit-3

Tree: Definitions - Height, depth, order, degree etc. Binary Search Tree - Operations, Traversal, Search. AVL Tree, Heap, Applications and comparison of various types of tree; Introduction to forest, multi-way Tree, B tree, B+ tree, B* tree and red-black tree.

Unit-4

Graphs: Introduction, Classification of graph: Directed and Undirected graphs, etc, Representation, Graph Traversal: Depth First Search (DFS), Breadth First Search (BFS), Graph algorithm: Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)- Kruskal, Prim’s algorithms. Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm; Comparison between different graph algorithms. Application of graphs.

Unit-5

Sorting: Introduction, Sort methods like: Bubble Sort, Quick sort. Selection sort, Heap sort, Insertion sort, Shell sort, Merge sort and Radix sort; comparison of various sorting techniques. Searching: Basic Search Techniques: Sequential search, Binary search, Comparison of search methods. Hashing & Indexing. Case Study: Application of various data structures in operating system, DBMS etc.

Unit-1

Introduction to circuit elements R,L,C and their characteristics in terms of linearity & time dependent nature, voltage & current sources controlled & uncontrolled sources KCL and KVL analysis, Nodal & mesh analysis, analysis of magnetically coupled circuits, Transient analysis :- Transients in RL, RC&RLC Circuits, initial conditions, time constants. Steady state analysisConcept of phasor & vector, impedance & admittance, Network topology, concept of Network graph, Tree, Tree branch & link, Incidence matrix, cut set and tie set matrices, dual networks, Dot convention, coupling co- efficient, tuned circuits, Series & parallel resonance.

Unit-2

Network Theorems for AC & DC circuits- Thevenins & Norton’s, Superpositions, Reciprocity, Compensation, Substitution, Maximum power transfer, and Millman’s theorem, Tellegen’s theorem, problems with dependent & independent sources.

Unit-3

Frequency domain analysis – Laplace transform solution of Integro-differential equations, transform of waveform synthesized with step ramp, Gate and sinusoidal functions, Initial & final value theorem, Network Theorems in transform domain.

Unit-4

Concept of signal spectra, Fourier series co-efficient of a periodic waveform, symmetries as related to Fourier coefficients, Trigonometric & Exponential form of Fourier series.

Unit-5

Network function & Two port networks – concept of complex frequency, Network & Transfer functions for one port & two ports, poles and zeros, Necessary condition for driving point & transfer function. Two port parameters – Z, Y, ABCD, Hybrid parameters, their inverse & image parameters, relationship between parameters, Interconnection of two ports networks, Terminated two port network.

Unit-1

Theory of P-N junction, temperature dependence and break down characteristics, junction capacitances, Zener diode, Varactor diode, Tunnel diode, PIN diode, LED, Photo diode, Schottky diode, Diode applications: series –parallel configurations, full wave and half wave rectification, voltage multiplier circuits, diode testing.

Unit-2

BJT, types& configuration, working principal, characteristics, and region of operation, load line, biasing methods, Small signal analysis of transistor (low frequency) using h-parameters, thermal runaway and thermal stability.FET, MOSFET, Transistor as an amplifier, gain,bandwidth, frequency response.

Unit-3

Feedback amplifier, negative feedback, voltage-series, voltage shunt,current series and current shunt feedback, Sinusoidal oscillators, L-C (HartleyColpitts) oscillators, RC phase shift, Wien bridge, and Crystal oscillators. Power amplifiers, class A, class B, class A B, C amplifiers, their efficiency and power Dissipation, Push-pull and complimentary symmetry push-pull amplifier.

Unit-4

Switching characteristics of diode and transistor, turn ON, OFF time, reverse recovery time, transistor as switch, Multivibrators, Bistable, Monostable, Astable multivibrators. Clipper and clamper circuit, Differential amplifier, calculation of differential, common mode gain and CMRR using h- parameters, Darlington pair, Boot strapping technique. Cascade and cascade amplifier.

Unit-5

Operational amplifier basics, practical Op-amp circuits & characteristics, slew rate , bandwidth, offset voltage ,basic current, application, inverting, noninverting amplifier, summer, average, differentiator, integrator, differential amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, log and antilog amplifier, voltage to current and current to voltage converters, comparators Schmitt trigger , active filters, 555 timer and its application.

Made with By- Team CollegeAcademy

India